Which loading condition causes liquid cargo to surge inside a tank?
Correct answer: C – The tank is partially filled with liquid
Liquid surge develops when cargo moves inside a partially filled tank. During a stop, the liquid can move back and forth, and the resulting wave can push the vehicle in the direction it is traveling. The Montana manual warns that this movement can seriously affect handling, especially on slippery surfaces.
Source: Montana Commercial Driver License Manual (rev. June 2026) — § 8.2.2, “Danger of Surge”

